while loop password python

It will help you to expand your code in the future. In this program, we'll ask for the user to input a password. To understand this you have to look into the example below. Examples of how to use while loops for iteration in Python. Type in your password: hello Type in your password: name Type in your password: password Type in your password: secret Access granted! Secara umum, pernyataan pada bahasa pemrograman akan dieksekusi secara berurutan. Python "while" Loops (Indefinite Iteration) - Real Python Python while loop - Como imprimir 1 em N usando While Loop. The problem is, the user is only allowed to input an incorrect username 3 times before the program end. I have already watched many videos about that but I did'nt understand what did they try to say and what was the syntax. The else-statement can be used only with the if-statement. 4. Convert the password list to string using the join method. Once I knew all the basic pure python principles (took ages). Then inside that loop you call the prompt and set the value to your variable that is being checked. . Overview of While Loop in Python. A while loop statement in Python programming language repeatedly executes a target statement as long as a given condition is true.. Syntax. Base structure for your project WHILE Loop Examples. Python has two primitive loop commands: while loops; for loops; The while Loop. while expression: statement(s) Here, statement(s) may be a single statement or a block of statements with uniform indent. if i select some no first time "say 5" the 5th option turns to y but after that if i press "s" or "c" it shows the 5th entry as "n" and the program is not exited. In this series we create a new open-source password-cracking program for penetration testing, and for clowns who've locked themselves out of their files. Define loop parameters from starting to the ending point. Python While Loops Previous Next Python Loops. Remember, the starting point will be 0, while the user will define the ending point. To end the running of a while loop early, Python provides two keywords: break and continue.. A break statement will terminate the entire loop process immediately with the program moving to the first statement after the loop.. continue statements will immediately terminate the current . . I suggest creating PasswordGenerator class which will contain your code. The for loop is one of the basic tools in Python. if at begining itself i press s or c the while loop terminates. This conditional statement starts with the 'While' keyword and a condition next to it, followed by a code block fragment. Append the random character to the password. xxxxxxxxxx. The condition may be any expression, and true is any non-zero value. The general form of a for loop is: i am writing an interactive program that displays y/n after selecting the option. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . Second "while True" loop is not a good practice, I think. The block is executed repeatedly until the condition is evaluated to false. Unlike the for loop which runs up to a certain no. Most programming languages include a useful feature to help you automate repetitive tasks. No programa Python a seguir, usaremos o loop while e imprimiremos números de 0 a 5. n = 5. i = 1. while i <= n: print (i) i += 1 Before running the code, what do you think it will do? want our loop to iterate over the list of python_topics and on each iteration print "I am learning about <element from python_topics>". I have successfully, in my opinion, opened, read, and brought out all the user names and passwords from the file. When you ask for k ['num'] [0] this works because the dataframe contains a zero. A while loop isn't only good for counting! 0. a=int (input ("enter table number")) b=int (input ("enter the number to which table is to printed")) i=1 while i<=b: print (a,"x",i,"=",a*i) i=i+1. Let's see how Python's while statement is used to construct loops. نستخدم الحلقة while إذا كنا نريد تنفيذ الكود عدة مرات, ولكننا لا نعرف كم مرة بالتحديد لأننا نريد إيقاف التنفيذ إذا تحقق شرط معين. Tetapi akan ada situasi dimana Anda harus menulis banyak kode, dimana kode tersebut sangat banyak. Python الحلقة while في بايثون تعريف الحلقة while في بايثون. Since the value of n is 1 which is less than 10, the condition becomes True and the statements in the body are executed. The while Loop. Example. e.g. هذه الحلقة تتوقف عن تكرار نفسها إذا تحقق . Verifying user name / password in website with simple python code - posted in Programming: hi guysi am beginner in programming but while learning statement/loops/lists in python i coded simple . Create a secure password with at least 8 characters. It even includes a PDF containing the answers. beginner question. Avoid simple phrases or strings like "password . Verifying user name / password in website with simple python code - posted in Programming: hi guysi am beginner in programming but while learning statement/loops/lists in python i coded simple . The password is secret and the code within the loop is executed until the user inputs the correct password. The while loop in Python is used to iterate over a block of code as long as the truth expression (condition) is true. Therefore we cannot use the do-while loop in python. We'll start simple and embellish as we go. Let's break the loop down: count is initially defined with the value of 0.The conditional statement in the while loop is count <= 3, which is true at the initial iteration of the loop, so the loop body executes.. Read: Python while loop continue Python loop through list with index. While loops exist in virtually all programming languages, the Python for loop function is one of the easiest built-in functions to master since it reads almost like plain English.In this tutorial, we'll cover every facet of the for loop.We'll show you how to use it with a range of examples so that you can start to get a good understanding of its usage with the language. write a python program to find table of a number using while loop. In Python, you can use the while statement for this - it executes the loop body while the condition is true Absolute beginner Python tutorials by an absolute beginner! For most of the programming languages like C/C++, Java…, else-statement is coupled with if-statement. Exercise 9-a. continue python in while loop. Print i as long as i is less than 6: i = 1 while i 6: print(i) i += 1 The basic pure python stuff is nice and all but the juicy meat are the packages. print(total) 7. num = num +1. I don't know how to express the 3D position of a random target in bpy. Base structure for your project This conditional statement starts with the 'While' keyword and a condition next to it, followed by a code block fragment. This does not contain zero, so k ['num'] [0] raises a . if i select some no first time "say 5" the 5th option turns to y but after that if i press "s" or "c" it shows the 5th entry as "n" and the program is not exited. Now, we can see how the user ask for input in python. This is a guide to Do while loop in python. My plan was using python to read the positions of my proteins and changing their positions to wherever I want, but the API is kind of confusing for me to read. First we ask the user to enter a number and we convert it to integer data type. I finally got to the second part of python basics. How can I do such in python? Let's see how Python's while statement is used to construct loops. The syntax of a while loop in Python programming language is −. Since it's empty, the first time your while loop hits, it will evaluate it as NOT equal to "sesame" and run the loop. We have used the re.search () to check the validation of alphabets, digits or special characters. import timeit # A for loop example def for_loop(): for number in range (10000) : # Execute the below code 10000 times sum = 3+4 #print (sum) timeit.timeit (for_loop) 267.0804728891719. Loop Python. Python conditional statements and loops [44 exercises with solution] [An editor is available at the bottom of the page to write and execute the scripts.1. The body of the while loop consists of print(n) and n = n + 1.These two statements will get executed only if the condition is True. A for loop is faster than a while loop. There is a while loop that runs the crack() function repeatedly until the quota specified in the reps list In Python, while loops are constructed like so: while [a condition is True]: [do something] The something that is being done will continue to be executed until the condition that is being assessed is no longer true. A while loop will continue to repeat a block of code while some condition is true. With the while loop we can execute a set of statements as long as a condition is true. And that was the moment it clicked. In this video tutorial on Python we will learn how to achieve username and password authentication use case using While loop and IF condition.You can visit P. For this loop we will need the following components: . The for loop ¶. Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Exercise 4 Go to PYTHON While Loops Tutorial. The former serves no purpose, and should be removed. 9:25. In this program, we'll ask for the user to input a password. Most loops contain a counter or more generally, variables, which change their values in the course of calculation. Issue. Python has no do-while keyword, however you can emulate a do-while loop in a very simple way: condition = True while condition: do_something() condition = re_judgment_loop_condition() The key features of a do-while loop are that the loop body always executes at least once, and that the condition is evaluated at the bottom of the loop body. In an event-controlled loop, the computer stops the loop execution when a condition is no longer true. Let's check out some exercises that will help understand While Loops better. Unused assignment. I suggest creating PasswordGenerator class which will contain your code. The format of a rudimentary while loop is shown below: while <expr>: <statement(s)>. PYTHON For Loops . Pure python was boring and felt clumsy so I never wrote a thing. Issue. The While Loop is a type of entry-level control statement that can be used for executing a set of program code repeatedly based on a condition set for the loop. <statement (s)> represents the block to be repeatedly executed, often referred to as the body of the loop. When the first iteration of the loop has finished, Python returns to the top of the loop and checks the conditional . Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Exercise 4 Exercise 5 Exercise 6 Go to PYTHON Functions Tutorial. login program with loop. #WhileLoop #ListIntro #LearnbayA while loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a given Boolean condition. Here is an example of a while loop being used to test a password. These variables have to be initialized before the loop is started. Hi guys, I am wondering how to Use the for loops and while loops in python. Sys is a module that can be imported in. Example of while loop, while loop as infinite loop, How to stop the infinite execution of while loop, while loop with break, continue, pass keyword, while loop with list, else block, while loop in single line, nested while loop PYTHON Lambda . 4.5. Includes example code, a task to read code, a task to correct code and 3 practical challenges for them to practice writing for loops in Python code. To get the sum of inputs as output, we have to use print (C). In Python, while loops are constructed like so: while [a condition is True]: [do something] The something that is being done will continue to be executed until the condition that is being assessed is no longer true. 9:18. continue in while loop python is running infinitely. i am writing an interactive program that displays y/n after selecting the option. Python supplies two different kinds of loops: the while loop and the for loop, which correspond to the condition-controlled loop and collection-controlled loop. The output of python program to convert decimal to hexadecimal using while loop is as follows: PS C:\Users\DEVJEET\Desktop\tutorialsInHand> python code.py Enter a number: 123 7B Few important points about this program. While input is NOT equal to "sesame" prompt for password. The While Loop is a type of entry-level control statement that can be used for executing a set of program code repeatedly based on a condition set for the loop. The do while Python loop executes a block of code repeatedly while a boolean condition remains true. (alternate solution is also . First we assigned 1 to a variable n.. while n <= 10: → The condition n <= 10 is checked. Instead of that, use condition. In Python, this kind of loop is defined with the for statement, which executes the loop body for every item in some list. The first time through the for loop the dataframe is [0 1] (what symbol does one use to denote a dataframe instead of a list or closure?) while continue in python. Pick a random character from all the characters using the random.choice method. continue in a while loop python. <statement (s)> represents the block to be repeatedly executed, often referred to as the body of the loop. In the given example, we have used the if..else statement in combination with a while loop to calculate the sum of n numbers. python by Dangerous Dolphin on Jul 30 2020 Comment. Instead of that, use condition. Any help will be appreciated python python-3.x Thus, in python, we can use a while loop with if/break/continue statements that are indented, but if we use do-while, it does not fit the indentation rule. Each item in turn is (re-)assigned to the loop variable, and the body of the loop is executed. 9:13. Enter the following code in a Python code editor. This video uses a boolean operator to enter and break a while loop and shows an if statement nested within the loops. Press "F5" then "Enter" to run. (alternate solution is also . Python break and continue statements. 29 > 11 > 2 result: [29,11,2. So far everything in the body of the loop has been run on each pass. Python Program - To print numbers between N to 1 using do..while loop Python Program - To print numbers between 10 to 1 using for loop /* * Program Name : loop5.py * Purpose : To print numbers between . PYTHON Functions . Third. This is dependent on the value entered by the user during the prompt in password_count. Python's while loop can be confusing for beginners. Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Exercise 4 Go to PYTHON For Loops Tutorial. In this article, I'll give you a brief overview of the for loop in Python and demonstrate with examples how you can use it to iterate over different types of sequences. Im fairly new to python and coding in general, Im trying to get the commands _press (ser, 'd', .3) and _press (ser, 'a', .3) to repeat until OpenCV detects a pixel and to break and continue to the other loop until the if statement is fulfilled. Python break and continue statements. while expression: statement(s) Here, statement(s) may be a single statement or a block of statements. The condition may be any expression, and true is any non-zero value. Initialize an empty list to store the password. Overview of While Loop in Python. You will likely encounter them at the very beginning of your Python journey. Python challenge - While loop using SYS module to quit. The wh. for x in range(0, password_count): password = "" Where: For example, a program asking for user input indefinite number of times until he presses ESC key or reading a file until it finds a . To end the running of a while loop early, Python provides two keywords: break and continue.. A break statement will terminate the entire loop process immediately with the program moving to the first statement after the loop.. continue statements will immediately terminate the current . 1. I have to make a login program where the username and password are taken from an existing file. I suggest creating separate methods for each while loops. In this video, I will teach you guys the while loop Like and subscribe on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLA863OlbIxeE7EmpLaeIPg Tired of YouTube, there's . There's another type of loop that is great for 9:22. when you have a certain amount of items to loop through. This is not the case with Python. while Loop in Python - The while loop in Python, used to execute some block of code, multiple times. The easiest method to iterate the list in python programming is by using them for a loop. Thank you very much. Python Program - To Print Numbers between 10 to 1 using do..while loop 6. Let me know if you need more. The syntax of a while loop in Python programming language is −. python stop loop after first match. . not sure what's going wrong. Write a loop that iterates length times. Dear Students,This will show how the password software in Python worksusing While loop and If Else commands.Have fun :DMr.David Setiabudi Let's take a look at Python's while loop and how you can use it to solve programming problems. Write a Python program to find those numbers which are divisible by 7 and multiple of 5, between 1500 and 2700 (both included). of iterations, the while loop relies on a condition to complete the execution.. To go back to ☛ Python Tutorials While coding, there could be scenarios where you don't know the cut-off point of a loop. O programador deve ter cuidado para que a condição seja interrompida ou falhe, caso contrário, o loop while pode se tornar um loop while infinito. 01-While Loop Simple Example.py; 02-Demo while loop for loop do the same thing timestableapp.py; 03-Username and password checker using loops.py; 04-Validation of password creation using loops.py; 05-While Loops using Boolean Flags.py; 06-While Loops with multiple statements.py; 07-While Loop infinite loop.py; 08-Use of break to end an infinite . Shuffle the resultant password list to make it more random. Pernyataan pertama dalam sebuah fungsi dijalankan pertama, diikuti oleh yang kedua, dan seterusnya. However, if the user never enters the word password, they will never get to the last print() statement and will be stuck in an infinite loop. While loops are great for 9:12. when you want code to run until a condition is no longer true. And I never realized that. Third. how to continue a while loop in python. Python ask for user input. i want to create a while loop that will make the user keep entering a password until both Password and Password2 match. In this example, I have taken two inputs as A = int (input ("enter 1st number")), B = int (input ("enter 2nd number")) and used addition operation for the inputs. It will help you to expand your code in the future. As usual, you are free to use else-statement with if-statement. Python else after for/while loop explained with Example. So far everything in the body of the loop has been run on each pass. The ones who will explain me properly how to use them and their syntax . The second time through the loop k ['num'] returns the dataframe [1 2]. The wh. However, once you understand the concept of looping, you'd realize that the "while" before the Python "loop" is a mere statement of condition. #WhileLoop #ListIntro #LearnbayA while loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a given Boolean condition. Python While Loop Exercises. The for loop processes each item in a sequence, so it is used with Python's sequence data types - strings, lists, and tuples. Inside the loop body, count is printed and then incremented by 1. We'll start simple and embellish as we go. beginner question. The method of the iterating list using for loop is as given below Let's create a small program that executes a while loop. Let us study them one by one below: Using for loop. While loop falls under the category of indefinite iteration.Indefinite iteration means that the number of times the loop is executed isn't specified explicitly in advance. I suggest creating separate methods for each while loops. Hint 1. you can start with while counter < 100: Hint 2 . The Python syntax for while loops is while[condition]. An infinite loop occurs when a program keeps executing within one loop, never leaving it. Shall i use the function inside the while loop ? pause and continue in while loop python. I have a number of 29 in dob_d and wish to further reduce it to a single digit. Python Password Analyzer. A great 2 page handout for your pupils to practice While Loops in Python . The last print() statement is outside of the while loop, so when the user enters password as the password, they will see the final print statement outside of the loop. To check for white spaces we use the "\s . Please write the full explanation that how did it work and please give me the exact and correct syntax of for and while loops. The condition of the while loop is n <= 10.. Write a while loop that adds all the numbers up to 100 (inclusive). . 6 Ways to Iterate through a List in Python. Related: How to Use a While Loop in Python. The while Loop. The assignment to password = '' inside your while loop is unused, and can be removed. Now, in this case, you aren't sure when the loop will end. if count == 3: # Counter, to make sure the user only gets a limited number (3)of attempts print("\nThree Username and Password Attempts used. Let's create a small program that executes a while loop. While Loop. A "do while" loop is called a while loop in Python. A while loop statement in Python programming language repeatedly executes a target statement as long as a given condition is true.. Syntax. Here we can see how to iterate a list with index through loop in Python. while userName == userName and password == password: # The Input will always lead to this while loop, so we can see if their username and password is wrong or correct. Recommended Articles. Python While Loop is used to execute a block of statements repeatedly until a given condition is satisfied.And when the condition becomes false, the line immediately after the loop in the program is executed. build loop that sto pwith condition. This feature is referred to as loops. So first you'd just declare your variable without a value. There are multiple ways through which we can iterate the list in python programming. This is a snippet of code as the full is around 150 lines. Print the . The format of a rudimentary while loop is shown below: while <expr>: <statement(s)>. When you run this code, press enter to see what happens. A beginners introduction to while loops. Along with this the re.search () method returns False (if the first parameter is not found in the second parameter) This method is best suited for testing a regular expression more than extracting data. Second "while True" loop is not a good practice, I think. Python Program - To Print Numbers between N to 1 using while loop 5. 2. Can someone please show me some material or the code to do this? ; To perform this task we can easily use the map() and lambda function.In python to create an inline function we can apply lambda statements and to convert items in an iterable without using for loop, we can use the map() function. not sure what's going wrong. For every password you generate, you are checking its validity twice: once at the end of the loop, and the other on the while line. if at begining itself i press s or c the while loop terminates. Python While Loops - ready to use practical challenges! Leaving it /a > 4.5 Tutorialspoint < /a > while loops | Tutorial. Being checked white spaces we use the function inside the loop body, count is printed then... Does not contain zero, so k [ & # x27 ; num & # x27 ; ] [ ]... For loops Tutorial to your variable without a value before running the within... Each pass is while [ condition ] password until both password and Password2 match ll start simple embellish... Situasi dimana Anda harus menulis banyak kode, dimana kode tersebut sangat banyak Jul 30 2020 Comment umum, pada! To 1 using while loop that adds all the characters using the random.choice method following:. Loop in Python loop through a list with index through loop in Python or the code, press to. Assignment to password = & # x27 ; & # x27 ; s going wrong in password_count them and syntax. While the user to enter and break a while loop is unused, can... That can be used only with the while loop terminates loop body, count printed... Number using while loop Examples don & # x27 ; s check out some Exercises that will make user! And checks the conditional # x27 ; ll start simple and embellish as go... Remember, the computer stops the loop has been run on each pass here is an example of a loop... We & # x27 ; & # x27 ; t sure when the first of... With while loop in Python programming is by using them for a loop event-controlled loop, never leaving it using... In password_count make it more random the general form of a while loop... < /a > 4 a... Who will explain me properly how to use while loops sys is module... Ll start simple and embellish as we go ; num & # x27 ; d just declare variable... You call the prompt in password_count program where the username and password are taken from an existing file password! Guides < /a > 4.5 a value, we have used the re.search ( ) to check for spaces. More generally, variables, which change their values in the body of the loop body, count printed! Em N usando while loop before the loop execution when a condition is no longer true languages a! Jul 30 2020 Comment Numbers between 10 to 1 using while loop 6 non-zero value the ones will. Page handout for your pupils to practice while loops is while [ condition ] 150.... A random character from all the characters using the random.choice method between 10 to 1 using do while... Allowed to input a password, else-statement is coupled with if-statement the exact correct. Code while some condition is no longer true: statement ( s ) here statement! To integer data type ; ] [ 0 ] raises a was boring and clumsy! A value the computer stops the loop has been run on each pass before running the code, do... Used only with the if-statement, diikuti oleh yang kedua, dan seterusnya dieksekusi secara berurutan validation of,... Function inside the while loop where the username and password are taken from existing! The correct password lt ; 100: hint 2 program keeps executing within one loop, the computer the... General form of a random target in bpy value entered by the user ask for user input ( Examples -! Program keeps executing within one loop, the computer stops the loop has finished, Python returns to the has... Random.Choice method convert the password list to make it more random dan seterusnya login program the. Longer true ; s create a small program that displays y/n after selecting the.... Ll ask for the user keep entering a password generator how would i loop?. To look into the example below 150 lines principles ( took ages ) names and passwords from file! Is called a while loop... < /a > login program where the username and are... Adds all the user names and passwords from the file a login program with loop by! Uses a while loop password python operator to enter and break a while loop - Como imprimir 1 N... Loop 6 1. you can start with while counter & lt ;:... T know how to use them and their syntax ones who will explain me properly how express. Principles ( took ages ) loop we will need the following code in a Python editor! Get the sum of inputs as output, we can execute a set of statements long... Useful feature to help you automate repetitive tasks enter and break a while loop that all... To password = & # x27 ; s going wrong dan seterusnya first you & # ;. Inside that loop you call the prompt and set the value entered by the user inputs the password... For a loop check the validation of alphabets, digits or special characters the and... Avoid simple phrases or strings like & quot ; do while loop we will the. 10 to 1 using while loop being used to construct loops the & quot ; loop is not good! Never leaving it ) - Python Guides < /a > Python while loop see how Python & # x27 ll... Raises a to enter and break a while loop boolean operator to enter a number and convert! Random.Choice method > Improve your Python skills with Exercise 9: while loop ; loop is until... This you have to be initialized before the program end 11 & gt ; 2 result [! 2 Exercise 3 Exercise 4 go to Python for loops ; the while loop: ''., else-statement is coupled with if-statement imported in through which we can execute a set of as. 5 Exercise 6 go to Python Functions Tutorial assignment to password = & # x27 s. Condition may be a single statement or a block of statements as long as condition. Inclusive ) is used to construct loops using them for a loop more random two loop. Incorrect username 3 times before the program end what happens have used the re.search ( ) to check the of! Kedua, dan seterusnya the loop has been run on each pass ; 100: 2. And their syntax used to construct loops is coupled with if-statement re.search ( ) to check for white spaces use! 4 Exercise 5 Exercise 6 go to Python for loops Tutorial secara umum pernyataan... The following components: > | Codecademy < /a > Issue - to Print between! ; do while & quot ; then & quot ; enter & quot ; while true & quot ; while! Loops in Python password is secret and the code within the loops stops... Is − re- ) assigned to the second part of Python basics phrases or strings like & quot ; true... Situasi dimana Anda harus menulis banyak kode, dimana kode tersebut sangat banyak //python-course.eu/python-tutorial/loops.php '' Improve. '' http: while loop password python '' > | Codecademy < /a > Examples of how to else-statement! Input a password generator how would i loop this: //python-course.eu/python-tutorial/loops.php '' > Python loop. Loop 5 t know how to express the 3D position of a while loop in Python code the... To Print Numbers between N to 1 using do.. while loop that make... Top of the loop has been run on each pass is called while. Repetitive tasks without a value the example below tersebut sangat banyak to check for white spaces we the... Or special characters in a Python code editor never wrote a thing a! ) to check the validation of alphabets, digits or special characters a that... To understand this you have to look into the example below menulis banyak,! To 1 using while loop is not a good practice, i think menulis kode. Give me the exact and correct syntax of a for loop in a Python editor... Re.Search ( ) to check the validation of alphabets, digits or special characters being used to loops. Running the code within the loops convert it to integer data type sure what & x27... Where the username and password are taken from an existing file an example of for... Counter & lt ; 100: hint 2 of a while loop Exercises opinion, opened read. Is, the computer stops the loop is executed until the user is only allowed to input password... To input a password please give me the exact and correct syntax of a character! Run on each pass initialized before the loop has been run on each pass i have successfully in! ; inside your while loop, i think ( s ) here, statement ( s ) may be single. Allowed to input a password i never wrote a thing > Made a password we! User will define the ending point up to 100 ( inclusive ) continue to repeat block! Loop - Como imprimir 1 em N usando while loop... < >! This program, we & # x27 ; s see how Python & # x27 ; s wrong. And can be imported in DigitalOcean < /a > 4.5 non-zero value the characters using the join.... //Itdeveloper.In/Kbank/Programs/Pyprogs/Pyprogs_Lp/Pyprogs_Lp5.Php '' > 4 using while loop is executed in my opinion, opened read. Selecting the option or more generally, variables, which change their values in the of... Variable, and brought out all the Numbers up to 100 ( inclusive ) variable and! A login program with loop like & quot ; enter & quot ; do while & ;... Expand your code in a Python program to find table of a random target bpy... Pernyataan pada bahasa pemrograman akan dieksekusi secara berurutan contain a counter or more generally variables...